In the context of large-scale global challenges, practical models of recovery and long-term urban planning are becoming increasingly important. Azerbaijan is currently implementing extensive reconstruction and development projects in Garabagh, including the construction of new cities, modern infrastructure, and sustainable “smart” communities. This process has attracted the attention of international experts as a potential example of a comprehensive post-conflict urban development model.

Additional significance is attached to this topic by the upcoming United Nations World Urban Forum (WUF13) in Baku, one of the world’s largest global events dedicated to urbanism and sustainable urban development. The forum will serve as an important platform for professional exchange, discussions on contemporary approaches to urban development, and the presentation of innovative urban solutions. Against this backdrop, Azerbaijan is increasingly positioning itself as a country where large-scale infrastructure transformation, modern architectural solutions, and careful preservation of historical heritage coexist. Today, Baku is already perceived by international experts as a city shaping a distinctive architectural and urban identity capable of influencing professional discussions on a global scale.

In an interview with AZERTAC, architect Thomas Vonier, who has previously participated in professional initiatives in Azerbaijan, spoke about the role of post-conflict reconstruction, the significance of WUF13 for Azerbaijan, and contemporary approaches to sustainable and human-centered urban development.

— Azerbaijan is currently implementing large-scale reconstruction and development projects in Garabagh, including the construction of new cities, infrastructure, and “smart,” sustainable communities. To what extent could this experience serve as a model or source of practical lessons for countries that have experienced conflict and destruction?

— The period following armed conflict presents a significant opportunity to rebuild and improve the lives of communities. The reconstruction of the city of Le Havre in France, which was largely destroyed by Allied bombing during the Second World War, is a striking example. The projects of French architect Auguste Perret made it possible to create new housing, commercial spaces, educational institutions, religious buildings, and recreational areas, helping thousands of people who had been displaced or left homeless by the war. Today, Le Havre is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

— The World Urban Forum WUF13 will be a major international event for Azerbaijan. In your opinion, what could hosting WUF13 in Baku mean for Azerbaijan in terms of international standing, professional exchange, and the future of urban development? How do you assess the role of architecture and urban planning in shaping a country’s international image, especially considering that in recent years Azerbaijan has actively positioned itself as a venue for global events and modern urban initiatives?

— Azerbaijan offers impressive examples of architectural excellence and urban design. Delegates attending the World Urban Forum are likely to be impressed by the outstanding public spaces along the Caspian Sea waterfront. In addition, visitors will witness Azerbaijan’s commitment to restoring ancient buildings and historically significant landmarks, many of which are harmoniously integrated with remarkable examples of modern and contemporary architecture. The effective evening illumination of streets and the lighting of key architectural landmarks further highlight Baku’s strengths. Taken together, these elements strengthen Azerbaijan’s international image in the eyes of foreign visitors and provide a valuable example for professionals in the field.

— In recent years, Azerbaijan has been actively implementing projects aimed at the reconstruction and development of the liberated territories. Which international approaches to sustainable and human-centered urban planning could be particularly valuable in this process? Looking at the future of cities in the South Caucasus, what role do you believe Azerbaijan could play in shaping new regional standards for sustainable urban development?

— Whenever we have the opportunity to rethink or redesign a place, it is important to focus on fundamental questions: how can we make walking and public transportation more attractive than the use of private cars? How far should residents need to walk to reach gardens, parks, grocery stores, schools, or libraries? How many flights of stairs does a person need to climb to reach their home?

An active lifestyle is beneficial to human health. By making cities more walkable and safe for cycling, we reduce environmental pollution, ease traffic congestion, and provide people with better access to healthy living. These ideas lie at the heart of the concept of sustainability, although the principles themselves are as old as cities themselves.

— Is the field of architecture truly capable today of influencing the national environmental agenda?

— You know, when it comes to genuinely changing the way we use—or waste—our natural and human resources, I do not believe architecture is either the primary cause of the problem or the greatest hope for solving it. It is far more important to focus on issues of urban planning: how land is used, how investments are made in public transportation, and how green spaces are preserved. Architects have tremendous influence over individual buildings and spaces, and that influence certainly matters. However, there are many broader areas that also require change, and unfortunately, we do not have enough influence to address all of them.